When the explorers return, Ralph sounds the conch shell,summoning the boys to another meeting on the beach. He tells thegroup that there are no adults on the island and that they needto organize a few things to look after themselves. Jack remindsRalph of the pig they found trapped in the vines in the jungle,and Ralph agrees that they will need hunters to kill animals formeat. Ralph declares that, at meetings, the conch shell will beused to determine which boy has the right to speak. Whoever holdsthe conch shell will speak, and the others will listen silentlyuntil they receive the shell in their turn. Jack agrees with thisidea.
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Piggy yells about the fact that no one knows they havecrashed on the island and that they could be stuck there for a longtime. The prospect of being stranded for a long period is too harrowingfor many of the boys, and the entire group becomes silent and scared. Oneof the younger children, a small boy with a mulberry-colored markon his face, claims that he saw a snakelike “beastie” or monsterthe night before. A wave of fear ripples through the group at theidea that a monster might be prowling the island. Though they arefrightened, the older boys try to reassure the group that thereis no monster. The older boys say that the little boy’s vision wasonly a nightmare.
Thinking about the possibility of rescue, Ralph proposesthat the group build a large signal fire on top of the island’scentral mountain, so that any passing ships might see thefire and know that someone is trapped on the island. Excited bythe thought, the boys rush off to the mountain, whileRalph and Piggy lag behind. Piggy continues to whine about the childishnessand stupidity of the group.
The boys collect a mound of dead wood and use the lensesfrom Piggy’s glasses to focus the sunlight and set the wood on fire.They manage to get a large fire going, but it quickly dies down.Piggy angrily declares that the boys need to act more proficientlyif they want to get off the island, but his words carry little weight.Jack volunteers his group of hunters to be responsible for keepingthe signal fire going. In their frenzied, disorganized efforts torekindle the fire, the boys set a swath of trees ablaze. Enragedat the group’s reckless disorganization, Piggy tells them furiouslythat one of the littlest boys—the same boy who told them about thesnake-beast—was playing over by the fire and now is missing. Theboys are crestfallen and shocked, and Ralph is struck with shame.They pretend that nothing has happened.
Analysis
The conflict between the instincts of civilization andsavagery emerges quickly within the group: the boys, especiallyPiggy, know that they must act with order and forethought if theyare to be rescued, but the longer they remain apart from the societyof adults, the more difficult it becomes for them to adhere to thedisciplined behavior of civilization. In Chapter 1,the boys seem determined to re-create the society they have lost,but as early as Chapter 2, their instinctivedrive to play and gratify their immediate desires undermines theirability to act collectively. As a result, the signal fire nearlyfails, and a young boy apparently burns to death when the forestcatches fire. The constraints of society still linger around the boys,who are confused and ashamed when they learn the young boy is missing—asign that a sense of morality still guides their behavior at thispoint.
Golding’s portrayals of the main characters among thegroup of boys contributes to the allegorical quality of Lordof the Flies, as several of the boys stand for larger concepts.Ralph, the protagonist of the novel, stands for civilization, morality,and leadership, while Jack, the antagonist, stands for the desirefor power, selfishness, and amorality. Piggy represents the scientificand intellectual aspects of civilization, as his glasses—a symbolof rationality and intellect—enable the boys to light fires. Alreadythe boys’ savage instincts lead them to value strength and charismaabove intelligence: although Piggy has a great deal tooffer the boys’ fledgling civilization, they see him as a whinyweakling and therefore despise him and refuse to listen to him,even when his ideas are good. For instance, when Piggy suggests thatthe boys find a way to improve their chances of being rescued, they ignorehim; only when the stronger and more charismatic Ralph suggeststhe same thing do they agree to make the signal fire.